Agregué las teroías

README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ ser las prácticas, guías, explicaciones o algunos ejemplos.
 ## Índice
 
 - [Prácticas](./practicas)
+- [Teorías](./teorias)
 - [Guías](./guias)
   - [Instalación de Python](./guias/instalacion_python.ipynb)
   - [Git](./guias/guia_git.ipynb)

teorias/clase5.ipynb

+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "younger-ready",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "slide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Seminario de Lenguajes - Python\n",
+    "## Cursada 2021\n",
+    "### Clase 5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "first-satisfaction",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Comentamos el ejemplo que dejé en el video: ¿algo  está mal?"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "extensive-printing",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "def leo_caracteres():\n",
+    "    f = open(\"imagine.txt\",\"r\")\n",
+    "    for x in f.read():\n",
+    "        print(x)\n",
+    "        f.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "gorgeous-force",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "slide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# CSV: ¿más formatos?\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- CSV (Comma Separated Values).\n",
+    "- Es un formato muy común para importar/exportar desde/hacia hojas de cálculo y bases de datos.\n",
+    "- Ejemplo:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "nombre,ciudad,ref\n",
+    "William Campbell,La Plata,www.instagram.com/williamcampbellok\n",
+    "Buendia,La Plata,https://buendia.bandcamp.com/\n",
+    "Lúmine,La Plata,https://www.instagram.com/luminelp/\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "- +Info: https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html\n",
+    "- [PEP 305](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0305/)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "advanced-offering",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Datasets\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Hay muchos datasets disponibles de muchas temáticas:\n",
+    "- En nuestro país:\n",
+    "    - Datos de [Argentina](https://datos.gob.ar/dataset)\n",
+    "    - Datos de [CABA](https://data.buenosaires.gob.ar/)\n",
+    "    - Datos de [La Plata](https://catalogodatos.laplata.gob.ar/dataset)\n",
+    "- Otros:\n",
+    "    - https://data.world/\n",
+    "    - https://www.kaggle.com/\n",
+    "    - https://www.imdb.com/interfaces/\n",
+    "    - Y muchos más..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "southwest-minister",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    " ## Muchos son datos abiertos, pero otros... no tanto...\n",
+    " \n",
+    " ### ¡PRESTAR ATENCIÓN  a la licencias y requisitos para su uso!\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "returning-pioneer",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "#  ¿Qué vemos en netflix? \n",
+    "\n",
+    "Vamos a trabajar con el archivo: [netflix_titles.csv](https://www.kaggle.com/shivamb/netflix-shows)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "robust-reynolds",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import csv\n",
+    "\n",
+    "archivo = open(\"ejemplos/clase5/netflix_titles.csv\", \"r\")\n",
+    "csvreader = csv.reader(archivo, delimiter=',')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#encabezado = csvreader.__next__()\n",
+    "encabezado = next(csvreader)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(encabezado)\n",
+    "print(\"Titulo\"+\" \"*35+\"Director\")\n",
+    "for linea in csvreader:\n",
+    "    if linea[1] == \"TV Show\" and linea[5] == \"Argentina\": \n",
+    "        print(f\"{linea[2]:<40} {linea[3]}\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "archivo.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "existing-dating",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# El módulo cvs\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Hay que importarlo.\n",
+    "- **csv.reader**: cea un objeto \"iterador\" que nos permite recorrer las líneas del archivo.\n",
+    "- ¿De qué tipo es línea?\n",
+    "- ¿Por qué incluimos el paŕametro **delimiter**? ¿Dialectos?"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "palestinian-batch",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Otra solución ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "pending-jamaica",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import csv\n",
+    "archivo = open(\"ejemplos/clase5/netflix_titles.csv\", \"r\")\n",
+    "csvreader = csv.reader(archivo, delimiter=',')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "shows_ar = filter(lambda x:  x[5] == \"Argentina\" and x[1] == \"TV Show\", csvreader)\n",
+    "for elem in shows_ar:\n",
+    "    print(f\"{elem[2]:<40} {elem[3]}\")\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "#print(shows_ar)\n",
+    "archivo.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "stunning-morgan",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Creamos nuestro archivo csv de bandas de música"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "sustained-assist",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "- **csv.writer:** retorna un objeto que convierte los datos con los que trabajamos en el prorgrama en cadenas con el formato delimitadas con el separador correspondiente. "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "flexible-threshold",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import csv\n",
+    "import json\n",
+    "\n",
+    "archivo = open(\"bandas.txt\")\n",
+    "archivo_csv = open(\"bandas.csv\", \"w\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "bandas = json.load(archivo)\n",
+    "datos_a_mostrar = json.dumps(bandas, indent=4)\n",
+    "print(datos_a_mostrar)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "writer = csv.writer(archivo_csv)\n",
+    "writer.writerow([\"Nombre\", \"Ciudad de procedencia\", \"Refencias\"])\n",
+    "for banda in bandas:\n",
+    "    writer.writerow([banda[\"nombre\"], banda[\"ciudad\"], banda[\"ref\"]])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "archivo.close()\n",
+    "archivo_csv.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "removed-praise",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "#  Lo leemos"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "different-format",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "archivo_cvs = open(\"bandas.csv\", \"r\")\n",
+    "csvreader = csv.reader(archivo_cvs, delimiter=',')\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for linea in csvreader:\n",
+    "    print(linea)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "archivo_csv.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "pregnant-europe",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "slide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Primer desafío \n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Dado el conjunto de datos con series y películas de Netflix, queremos:\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    1- guardar en otro archivo las peliculas agregadas en el año 2020.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    2- los cinco (5) países con más producciones en Netflix.\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "military-draft",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Solución....."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "incorrect-apparatus",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## Los que quieran, compartir solución con @clauBanchoff\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Recuerden mandarme mensaje para revisar."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "apparent-asset",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "slide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# ¿Saben qué son las GUI?"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "advance-direction",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "## GUI: Graphical User Interface"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "further-chase",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "<img src=\"imagenes/SimpleGUI_todo.png\" alt=\"nos vemos el martes\" style=\"width:550px;\"/>"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "changed-toner",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "# GUI en Python\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Vamos a usar [PySimpleGUI](https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Es un **framework** bastante simple para desarrollar interfaces gráficas en Python.\n",
+    "- Es software libre:  https://github.com/PySimpleGUI/PySimpleGUI\n",
+    "- Se instala con pip: **pip install pysimplegui**\n",
+    "\n",
+    "- Vamos a ir de a poco...\n",
+    "- Más info en: https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cookbook/\n",
+    "- También en https://realpython.com/pysimplegui-python/\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "spoken-fiction",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# ¿Con qué elementos podemos trabajar?\n",
+    "\n",
+    "<img src=\"imagenes/SimpleGUI_todoElementos.png\" alt=\"nos vemos el martes\" style=\"width:1050px;\"/>"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "scenic-paintball",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Popups: las ventanas más sencillas"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "sound-desire",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import PySimpleGUI as sg      \n",
+    "sg.Popup('Mi primera ventanita')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "combined-sapphire",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "- **import PySimpleGUI as sg**, permite acceder a los recursos por  el nombre **sg**."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "lucky-resort",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import PySimpleGUI as sg      \n",
+    "\n",
+    "sg.Popup('Mi  primera ventanita', button_color=('black', 'red'))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "sg.PopupYesNo('Mi  primera ventanita', button_color=('black', 'green'))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "sg.PopupOKCancel('Mi  primera ventanita', button_color=('black', 'grey'))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "texto = sg.PopupGetText('Titulo', 'Ingresá algo')      \n",
+    "sg.Popup('Resultados', 'Ingresaste el siguiente texto: ', texto)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "informational-hamburg",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Creamos una ventana en PySimpleGUI"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "concrete-console",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import PySimpleGUI as sg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "sg.Window(title=\"Hola Mundo!\", layout=[[]], margins=(100, 50)).read()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "descending-kidney",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "- **margins**: tamaño de la ventana en pixeles.\n",
+    "- **read()**: devuelve los eventos que se produzca al activar la ventana."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "rolled-fisher",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Sobre los eventos"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "naval-violence",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import PySimpleGUI as sg      \n",
+    "\n",
+    "layout = [[sg.Text(\"Hola Mundo!\")], [sg.Button(\"OK\")]]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "window = sg.Window(\"Primer Demo\", layout, margins=(200, 150))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "while True:\n",
+    "    event, values = window.read()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    if event == \"OK\" or event == sg.WIN_CLOSED:\n",
+    "        break\n",
+    "\n",
+    "window.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "compact-bandwidth",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "#  ¿Cómo recuperamos los valores ingresados desde la UI?"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "demanding-account",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import PySimpleGUI as sg\n",
+    "\n",
+    "layout = [ [sg.Text('Ingresá primer valor'), sg.InputText()],\n",
+    "           [sg.Text('Ingresá segundo valor'), sg.InputText()],\n",
+    "           [sg.Button('Ok'), sg.Button('Cancel')] ]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "window = sg.Window(\"Segundo Demo\", layout, margins=(200, 150))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "while True:\n",
+    "    event, values = window.read()\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    if event == \"Cancel\" or event == sg.WIN_CLOSED:\n",
+    "        break\n",
+    "    print('Datos ingresados: ', values)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "window.close()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "occupied-calculation",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "subslide"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "# Layout: ¿cómo organizamos la UI?\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Representa al esquema  o  diseño de nuestra UI: **cómo se distribuyen los elementos en la UI**.\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "committed-penetration",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "layout = [ [sg.Text('Ingresá primer valor'), sg.InputText()],\n",
+    "           [sg.Text('Ingresá segundo valor'), sg.InputText()],\n",
+    "           [sg.Button('Ok'), sg.Button('Cancel')] ]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "bulgarian-doctor",
+   "metadata": {
+    "slideshow": {
+     "slide_type": "fragment"
+    }
+   },
+   "source": [
+    "- ¿De qué tipo es la variable layout?\n",
+    "- ¿Qué elementos estamos incluyendo?"